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Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is another known and expected side effect of CAR T-cell therapy. TLS occurs due to cell death and sunsequent release of content into the bloodstream. Multiple metabolic and electrolyte complications ensue. Hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia may occur. Complications such as renal insufficiency, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and death due to multiorgan failure are possible.
The onset can begin one month or more after CAR T-cell treatment, and is a common complication in hematologic cancers. It’s effects can be life-threatening. Treatment is typically standard supportive therapy.
